Everything about Manuel Avila Camacho totally explained
Manuel Ávila Camacho (
April 24,
1897 –
October 13,
1955) served as the
President of
Mexico from
1940 to
1946.
Manuel Ávila was born in the city of
Teziutlán, a small town in
Puebla, to middle-class parents. He had several siblings, among them sister María Jovita Ávila Camacho and several brothers. Two of his brothers,
Maximino Ávila and
Rafael Ávila Camacho both served as governors of Puebla. Ávila didn't receive a university degree, although he studied at the National Preparatory School. He joined the army in
1914 as a 2nd lieutenant and reached the status of Colonel by
1920 and, in the same year, served as the Chief of Staff of the state of
Michoacán under
Lázaro Cárdenas, and became his close friend. In
1929, he fought under general Cárdenas against the
Escobar Rebellion and, that same year, achieved the rank of Brigade General. He was married to Soledad Orozco García, who was born in Zapopan, Jalisco. Soledad Orozco was one of the Orozcos of the State of Jalisco. She was born in 1904 and died in 1996.
After his military service, Ávila entered the public arena in
1933–
1934 as the Official Mayor of the Secretariat of National Defense, and became Secretary of National Defense in
1937. Two years later, he was elected president of Mexico, after being appointed to represent his party. Ávila gained a controversial presidential election to the candidate of the
Right-wing politics,
Juan Andreu. The day of the election there was a lot of violence, and the electoral process was qualified of
electoral fraud in that time.
Presidential term
During his term, Ávila faced the difficulty of
World War II. After two of Mexico's ships carrying oil were destroyed by
German submarines in the
Gulf of Mexico, Ávila declared war against the
Axis powers on
May 22,
1942. 15,000 Mexican soldiers fought in the war, on a variety of fronts, including an Airborne squadron, the 201st, to fight the
Japanese in the
Pacific. Furthermore, starting a period of friendship with the
United States, Ávila cooperated in the war effort, providing his northern neighbour with 300,000 workers under the
Bracero Program to replace some of the Americans who had left to fight in the war. Mexico also resumed diplomatic relations with the
United Kingdom and
Russia. In
1944, Mexico signed the
United Nations Charter and the following year became the headquarters of the Interamerican Conference about War and Peace.
Domestically, Ávila protected the working class, creating social security in
1943 and working to reduce illiteracy. He continued land reform and declared a rent freeze to benefit low-income citizens. He also promoted election reform, creating new requirements that made it impossible for communists to run. He was also responsible, on
January 18,
1946, for renaming what had been the
Party of the Mexican Revolution (PRM) to the name it carries today, the
Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI).
When his term ended in
1946, Ávila retired to work on his farm. He died on
October 13,
1955.
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